Do my children need a lawyer?

If you are involved in Court proceedings about the care of your children, you may wonder whether the children should have their own lawyer. In some circumstances, the Court may appoint an ‘Independent Children’s Lawyer’ (an ICL) to provide independent representation for the children. The ICL is not your lawyer, nor are they the other parent’s lawyer.

How does the Court decide to appoint an ICL?

The Court usually considers a number of factors in the appointment of an ICL (outlined in the decision of the Full Court in Re K [1994] FamCA 21), including matters involving:

1.  Allegations of child abuse or neglect;

2.  High levels of conflict between the parents;

3.  If a child has strong views (and their views should be given weight due to their age or maturity);

4.  Allegations of family violence;

5.  Allegations of serious mental health issues; and

6.  Difficult or complex issues.

The Court can appoint an ICL of its own volition, or the parties can apply for the appointment of an ICL.  The Legal Aid Commission will then appoint an ICL from within Legal Aid or a private legal practitioner will be appointed.  Notwithstanding this, parties may be required to contribute to the legal costs of an ICL’s participation.

What do ICLs do?

The ICL participates in the proceedings as any party would.  The ICL can issue subpoenas to the children’s treating medical practitioners and to their schools, for example. The ICL can also issue subpoenas seeking information about the parents.

If the children are old enough, the ICL will likely meet with the children.  Having regard to the children’s views, the ICL advocates for the children’s best interests – inside and outside of the Court. 

Once appointed, the ICL is involved in each Court event and will actively participate in making sure the appropriate evidence is before the Court. The ICL will have their own position which they deem to be in the children’s best interests. Sometimes, this may be in support of one parent’s application and at other times, it may be somewhere in the middle between competing applications.

The ICL can be involved in general correspondence as the matter progresses and will participate in settlement negotiations outside of Court. As with any party, the ICL must ‘sign off’ on any settlement reached. A matter may be unable to resolve by consent if the ICL does not support the parties’ proposed orders, however the decision is ultimately up to the Court.

If you are unsure about whether your matter would benefit from the appointment of an ICL or if you are thinking of making an application for an ICL, you should consider speaking with a specialist family lawyer about your options. Contact Robinson + McGuinness to arrange an appointment on (02) 6225 7040, by email on info@rmfamilylaw.com.au or get started now online with one of our experienced lawyers.

Author: Anika Buckley 

Exploring the Proposed Amendments to the Family Law Act 1975

In early 2023, following reviews by the Australian Law Reform Commission and the Parliamentary Joint Select Committee into Australia’s family law system, the Attorney-General’s Department published an exposure draft of the Family Law Amendment Bill 2023 for public comment. The primary focus of the proposed amendments is ensuring that the family law system prioritises and recognises the best interests of the child.

 The amendment Bill contains a number of proposed changes. Some of the most significant are:

The Removal of the Presumption of Equal Shared Parental Responsibility

Currently, section 61DA of the Family Law Act applies a presumption that parents should receive equal shared parental responsibility unless a party can show the Court that it is not in the best interests of the child. The removal of this presumption could make the process for obtaining parenting orders simpler for parties, which would in turn allow the Court to better focus on understanding the best interests of the child.

An Overhaul of the Factors Considered by the Court when Determining the Best Interests of the Child

In its existing form, the Family Law Act provides two main factors and thirteen additional factors to be considered when determining what parenting arrangement would be in the best interests of the child. The suggested changes see this being simplified to six factors of equal weight. There is also a seventh factor to be applied when the child identifies as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander.

Requiring that the Independent Children’s Lawyer meet with the Child

Independent Children’s Lawyers are not presently required to meet with the child whose interests they are representing. It is being proposed that Independent Children’s Lawyers must meet with all children over the age of five, so that they are able to voice any views or concerns they may have in relation to the matter.

Restricting the Filing of Potentially Harmful Applications

The amendment Bill seeks to limit the filing of applications which may be especially harmful to the child and/or the respondent. Under the proposed changes, the Court would have the power to dismiss applications it believes are frivolous, vexatious or an abuse of process.

Notwithstanding these proposed changes, navigating the family law system can be complex and confusing. To make an appointment with one of our experienced family lawyers please contact our office on (02) 6225 7040 or by email on info@rmfamilylaw.com.au or get started now online.

Author: Hannah Gibson

What is the role of an Independent Children’s Lawyer (ICL)?

An Independent Children’s Lawyer (ICL) is a lawyer appointed by the Court to assist the Court in determining what parenting arrangements are in the child (or children’s) best interests.

ICLs are experienced family lawyers who have completed the national ICL accreditation program. Their fees are usually met in the first instance by the local Legal Aid authority, but parties are often requested to make a contribution to the costs of the ICL, and the Court may order that they meet the costs of the ICL.

An ICL is not appointed by the Court in every parenting matter. The Court can appoint an ICL on its own motion, or following an application by one or more of the parties. When considering whether to appoint an ICL the Court may take into account factors, including:

• Any allegations of risk or family violence;

• The age and maturity of the children;

• Where there is significant conflict between the parties; or

• Where one (or both) parties are not legally represented.

Once appointed, the ICL will read all of the documents filed by the parties, consider any relevant subpoena material, express their view (where applicable) to the parties about any issues that arise, and attend and participate in each listing of the matter before the Court.

Although the ICL may meet with the children to discuss their views and may communicate those views to the Court, they are not appointed to be a lawyer for the children or to act on their instructions. Instead, their role is to provide an independent view and assist the Court in working out arrangements that are in the children’s best interests. This may, or may not, be consistent with the children’s views or the views held by the parties.

The ICL also helps the Court by ensuring important evidence is available for the Court’s consideration, such as by issuing subpoenas to obtain relevant records from the children’s schools, the police or child protection bodies.

If the matter proceeds to a final hearing, the ICL will also ask each of the parties questions during cross-examination and, having read, heard and considered all of the evidence, make submissions to the Court about the final orders that they consider are in the best interests of the children.

The ICL plays an important role as an independent ‘honest broker’ between the parties and can help negotiate a settlement of their parenting matter without the need for a determination by the Court, such as by organising and participating in a mediation with the parties and their lawyers.

Although the ICL’s view is likely to carry some weight in the proceedings, the ultimate determination about the children’s arrangements rests with the Court.

If you think an ICL may need to be appointed you should seek legal advice from a family lawyer about whether this is appropriate in the circumstances of your matter.

For advice in relation to your family law matter, contact Robinson + McGuinness to arrange an appointment on (02) 6225 7040, by email on info@rmfamilylaw.com.au or get started now online with one of our experienced lawyers.